Electric motoe



4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

0. LUGO.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 399,059. Patented Mar. 5, 1889.

NY PETERS, PhotwLxlhognphcr. \Vashm m n7 (No Model.) eeeeeeeeeeeee 2.

E L E G T R I G M 0 T 0 RI (No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 3.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 O. LUGO.

ELEGTRIG MOTOR.

(No Model.)

()RAZIO LUGO, OF YE YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 399,059, dated March 5, 1889.

Application filez' August 8, 1888 $erial No. 282,234. No motlciu To all whom it may concern/.-

Be it known that I, ORAZIO LUGU, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York, 1

county of New York, and State of New York,

have invented a new and useful Improvement m Electric Motors and Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is an improvement upon the general type of electric motor described and claimed in a patent granteil to me by the United ftates, July 213, 1888, No. 385,675, and its objects are, first, to so commutate the currents in the type of motor referred to in said patent that the tangential pull had upon the armature-bobbins and their cores as they retate past the successive field-bobbins may be had at two or more radial points at one and the same time; second, to so arrange the stationary and rotating connnutators as to bring them into close relation and thereby render the machine more compact, and, third, to accoml plish various results specifically referred to in the specification which follows. I accomp lish these results by the arrangement of parts and the construction of the apparatus hereinafter described, but particularly pointed out in the claims which follow this specification.

In the apparatus disclosed in my prior patent, above referred to, only one armaturebobbin is in circuit effectively at a time, and, although this machine is very efficient, it was apparent to me that if the currents were properly commutated a motor might be devised in which a series of armattire-bobbins radially disposed might be made effective at different radial points at one and the same time, thereby creating a constant equal tangential pull at several points around the axis of the rotatingarmaturc, the resultant of which would give a maximum efficiency. I had conceived the idea of increasing the efficiency of the motor referred to by uniting two or more sets of armature-bobbins upon a single shaft, each set having its Own eoinmuta-tors and fieldbobbins, the commutation being so related that the pull at different radial points might be effected and the current from the battery passed through the several sets in multiple are; but this plan has objections at once 0bvious, due to the great multiplication of commutators and brushes.

\Yith a view of accomplishing the objects referred to, l devised the arrangement of commutation and the construction of apparatus herein disclosed, which will be fully understood by referring to the following description and accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section taken through the machine and showing parts thereof in elevation. Fig. 2 is an end view of the machine as seen looking at Fig. 1 from right to left. Figs. 3, l, and U are cross-sections taken onlines r (,.1'.,!', 1 1, and .2 howing the ends of the successive s of field and armature bobbins as seen looking from right 1 to left, Fig. 1, and the direction of rotation of the armature. Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing the comm utation of the circuits of my improved motor having ten field and eight armature bobbins, and Fig. a is a simi lar view with twenty field and sixteen armature bobbins.

In the form shown in Fig. 7 there are two pulls tangentially at any one time at all points of the armatures rotation, while in that shown in Fig. 8 there are four such pulls, making in the first instance forty and in the second eighty distinct pulls in each complete revolution of the armature.

S S S S S are live standards attached, as in my previously patented motor, to a base and joined together by screws entering the ends of the tield-magnet-bobbin corcr, so that the whole field-magnet of the machine is made up of four independent sets of field-magnets joined in one solid frame, clearly shown in Fig. l, and shown in developed or diagrammatic View in Figs. 7 and S.

A A &c., 13 B, &('.,C ,620. l) Ditto, are the sets of field-magnet bobbins, z'trranged in such successive relation that when viewed cndwise, as shown in Fig. 2, each bobbin is seen to lie in a different plane. In other words, the five held-magnet bobbins in each set are arranged at an equal distance apart radially, while the respective positions of the four sets are differently located by one-fourth of a revolution, so that there one bobbin radially located for every eighteen degrees of the field in the form shown in Figs. T and S. For the form shown in Fig. T there would be two such sets of live, and hence one bobbin radially disposed for each thirty-six degrees of the field-magnet. This relation will be better understood by examining Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, in which Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of the first set near the left-hand end of Fig. 1, Fig. at the second set, Fig. 5 the third set, and Fig. 6 the last set located at the front end of the machine. The armature-bobbins a a a a b b b b, c c c c, and (Z (Z (1 (1 four for each set, are provided with magnetic cores and radial pole-pieces, as in my prior invention, and secured by screws to the nonmagnetic collars s s s, &c., keyed to the shaft a. These bobbins are arranged in four rows, as follows: a Z) c d, a b c (P, a b 0 (Z and a I) c (1*, as shown in Figs. 3, 4;, 5, 6, and S, and the field-magnet bobbins have, as in said patent, the internal-projecting pole-pieces.

The ari'nature-shaft a. is held in place by the yokes or collars A A, secured to the end standards, S S.

O is the rotating commutator, consisting in this instance of twenty strips or segments, and attached directly to the shaft to and insulated from it; and E is the stationary commutator, of like number of strips, attached to and insulated from the yoke A, both commutators being at the same end of the machine, as shown in Fig.1. B and B are the brushes, the former fixed to the standard V, insulated from the frame of the machine, the latter attached by the arm g to the armature-shaft. By this arrangement I concentrate the commutators at one end or side of the machine, thereby rendering adjustment easy and permitting free access to both of the commutators at one point, where they may be protected against dust and entirely free from any of the evil effectswhich follow the location of the commutators in proximity to the power-transmitting pulley, which may be located at the other end of the armature shaft. The bindingposts (not shown) are connected to the machine as disclosed in my prior patent, above referred to.

Referring now to Figs. 7 and 8, 11! u 21: 10 are the circuit-connections from the free ends of the armature-bobbins to the rotating commutator-strips, while 10 w w w a" are simi lar connections from the free ends of the field magnet bobbins to the stationary commutator-strips.

u (r are the intermediate connections between theindividual and armature bobbins located in the respective sets or groups, 10 it being similar connections between the individual bobbins of the respective field-magnet sets or groups.

w it are conductors connecting the armature and field-magnet bobbins to the commutator-brushes and to the propellingbattery BA. It willbe observed thatI divide the commutator-strips of the respective commutators into groups of four and five in the same manner as disclosed in my prior patent, except that the order of the grouping is different here, that in the patent being in sequence,

while here the order is somewhat irregular. In this peculiar commutation lies the novelty of the present invention,taken in connection with especial features, herein described and claimed. This commutation is of such a nature that two or more armature-bobbins are in series at one and the same time, and are acted upon by two or more field-magnet bobbins, also connected in series and having different radial locations. This feature will be best' understood by examining the diagram shown in Figs. 7 and 8. Suppose the brushes to be in the position shown in Fig. 8, the stationary brush B being on the rotary strip 4 of group 4.- and the rotary brush B being on the strip 5 of the second stationary group of the stationary commutator, and the armature to be rotating in the direction shown by the arrows q q. \Vith the brushes in this relation the armature will be in the position shown in Figs. 3, a, 5, and (i, field-bobbins A, B C and D having just acted upon the armaturebobbins a, b 0, and (I and the brushes having just left the strips 1 1 of their respective groups. The circuit is as follows: By wire it from battery BA to stationary brush B, commutator-strip 4 ofgroup l, by wires '20 and 20 ,10 the following armatuire-bobbins: a b c d to wire '10 and rotary brush B, thence by strip or segment 5 of group 5 on the stationary commutator, through wires 1:" and u and field-magnet bobbins D', C, B and A, and finally by wire 11* back to battery BA.

An examination now of Figs. 3, l, 5, and (3 shows that the pole-pieces of armature-bobbins b 0 and d are in the most effective range to be acted upon by the field-magnet bobbins A, B 0", and D, and by following the circuits traced through these field-magnet and armature bobbins and wires u 10 it will be seen that the armature will be caused to rotate one-twentieth of a revolution, and that there are four distinct tangential pulls at one and the same time, and at points equal distances apart around the circumference of the armature. This united action rotates the armature in the direction of tne arrows q and q, and places the brush B on strip or segment 3 and brush B on strip or segment 4, so that the circuit is as follows: From battery B A, by wire 10', brush B, strip 3, wires 10 311G102, armaturebobbins a Z) 0 dz, wire "10*, rotary brush B, strip 4: of stationary commutator E, wires 10 and to, field-bobbins D C B, and A", wire a back to battery; and so in sequence each successive pair of strips and brushes commutates the current successively, so that each armature-bobbin in each independent set is in circuit once and once only with each fieldmagnet bobbin in one complete revolution of the armature-shaft, and similarly each armature-bobbin of each set is in series with each armature-bobbin of all the other sets once in each revolution of the armature. In the same way each field-magnet bobbin is in series with every field-magnet bobbin during one revolution of the armature, so that under all posi* tions of the armature-shaft there are always four armature-bobbins in series which are being acted upon by four field-magnet bobbins, also in series and each located just in advance of the armature-bobbin it is designed to act upon. By tracing the circuits through all of the commutator-strips for the successive positions of the brushes it will be found that under all conditions this state of facts exists.

In the modified form shown in Fig. 7 the tangential pull is from two points only, and the position of the armature and the pull thereon will be understood by examining Figs. 3 and l, where it is found to be upon the cores of bobbins a N, the cores a and Z) having just been acted upon by field-bobbins A and B.

The essential difference between my pres ent invention and that disclosed in my prior patent above referred to will perhaps be better understood when it is noted that in the invention disclosed in the patent the circuit from the battery to the motor is always in series through one armature -bobbin and one field-bobbin, and that this relation is made successive through all the bobbins until the sequence has been passed through once in .ach complete revolution of the armatureshaft, there never being more than one armature and one field-magnet bobbin in circuit at one time, while in my present invention 3 this series relation is still preserved and additional bobbins are thrown in in each circuit, thus making the relation one which I f denominate multiplex series, there being in a series circuit at one time always two or more armature-bobbins and a like number of I iield-n'ragnet bobbins. By such an arrangement I create at one time two or more independent sets of magnetic circuits for each change of position of the commutatorbrushes-that is to say, two or more fieldare brought into action with relation to each other at least once in every revolution and their cores caused to close or at least to approximate the closing of as many independent magnetic circuits, while only only one series circuit'is closed through the field-magnet and armature bobbins, thereby giving increased magnetic efficiency from a single closure of the circuit through each successive set. In my patent above referred to the groups of commutator-strips are arranged successively, while in the present invention it will be noted that the strips are arranged in the order necessitated by the radial location of the several field-magnet and armature bobbins, so as to produce successive joint pulls at different radial points of the armatures rotation. I prefer to locate the several groups as shown in Fig. 1, for the reason that I avoid any disturbance from neighboring bobbins, were they all concentrically located. It will be noticed that-by locating the active bobbins in the successive sets they are thereby rethe same as therein disclosed.

moved a maximum distance from each other, so that as the magnetic field rotates it advances spirally from set to set. I find that thisarrangement is conducive of very beneficial results.

I do not desire to be understood as limiting myself to the special arrangement of commutation herein shown and described, nor to the manner of locating the armature-bobbins in independent sets upon a common shaft surrounded by independent sets of fieldanagnet bobbins, as it. is obvious that other arrangements might be devised whereby the current could be commutated through two or more field-magnet and armature bobbins simulta neously and successively, or in such manner as to give two or more tangential pulls upon a single armature-shaft at the sametime; and I therefore desire it to be understood that my claims shall be considered broad enough in scope to cover the principles herein enunciated concerning nniltiplex-series armature and field-magnet bobbins doing effective work at two or more radial points atthc same instant.

It will of course be understood that this invention is at once applicable to dynanm-machines, as well as motors, in a manner at once obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the field-magnet or armature circuit may be used alone, as described in my prior patent, by simply making the necessary connections It will also be understood by those skilled in theart that this motor may be caused to act by repnlsioi ,4 between the field-magnet and arnmture-pole l l l i l l pieces and windings. as well as by attraction, it only being necessary to so wind the respective sets of magnets as to bring about this result.

Having thus described. myinvcntion,what I claim, and desire to secure by Iietters Patent l Y of the I nited states, is magnet and two or more armature bobbins l. The described electric motor, consisting of a field-magnet composed of a number of concentri(tally-arranged bobbins or electromagnets, two or more of which are connected in series, in combination with an armature composed of similar bobbins or electro-magnets, two or more of which are also connected in series, and connnutator-connections for throwingsaid held and armature bobbins into and out of action as the armature rotates. substantially as described.

2. In an electric motor, a series of stationary field magnets or bobbins surroumling a series of armature magnets or bobbins having intermediate and commutatorconnections, as described, for connecting the armature and the field bobbins in multiplex-series circuits successively, substantially as described.

3. In an electric motor, the combination of field-magnet bobbins arranged in sets intwo or more branches from the same electric source, with corresponding sets of armaturebobbins and commutator and intermediate connections for throwing two or more of said field-magnet bobbins and two or more of said. armature bobbins into independent series connection, substantially as described.

4:. in an electric motor, the combination of two or more sets of field-magnet bobbins havin g a common mu1tiplearc connection at one end of one set, corresponding sets of armatni ebobbins located on a single shaft,with a single multiplenrc connection at the end of one set and independent and intermediate connections from the free ends of the other sets of both the field-magnet and armature bobbins for throwing two or more bobbins in the armature and the field-magnet in series with a fixed and a rotating brush for successively commutating the circuit through the field-magnet and armature bobbins, substantially as described.

5. In an electric motor, the combination of a series of field-magnet bobbins arranged in sets with a series of armature-bobbins, arranged also in sets on a common shaft, two commutators, one stationary and the other rotary, twobrushes, one stationary and the other rotary, multiple-arc connections from one set of field-magnet bobbins to the propelling-battery and stationary brush resting on the rotating commutator, independent connections from the free ends of one set of the field-magnet bobbins to the stationarycommutator, intermediate connections between the several sets of field-magnet bobbins, multiple-are connections from one set of the armature-bobbins to the rotary brush resting on the stationary commutator, independent connections from the free ends of one set of armature-bobbins to the commutator-strips of the rotary commutator, and intermediate connections between the several sets of armature-bobbins, whereby two or more field-magnet bobbins and two or more armature-bobbins are caused to act simultaneously at different tangential points of the arinatures circumference, substantially as described.

6. An electric motor or dynamo-electric machine having a fixed and a rotary commutator, in combination with a fixed and a rotary brush, all of said parts being located at one end or side of the machine, substantially as described.

'7. An electric motor or dynamoelectric ma chine having a fixed or stationary commutator attached to the frame of the machine and a rotary commutator attached to the armatureshaft, in combination with a fixed or stationary brush bearing on the rotary commutator and a rotary brush attached also to the armature-shaft and bearing on the fixed commutator, said parts being all located at one end or side of the machine, substantially as described.

8. An armature for an electric motor or dynamo-electric machine, consisting of two or more sets or groups of electro-magnets bolted together end to end and fixed upon a common shaft, substantially as described.

9. An electric motor or dynamo-electric machine having a field-magnet composed of two or more sets or groups of electro-magnets or bobbins joined together end to end, electromagnets or bobbins of the different sets lying in different radial planes, substantially as described.

10. An electric motor or dynamo-electric machine having a field-magnet composed of two or more sets or groups of electro-magnets or bobbins joined together end to end, the individual bobbins of the different sets or groups lying in different radial planes, in combination with an armature composed of similar sets or groups of electro-magnets or bobbins, the individual electro magnets or bobbins of the respective sets being located in the same plane, substantially as described.

ORAZIO LUGO.

Vitnesscs:

JNo. K. 'WArsoN, J. F. QUINN. 

